Simulated with $10,000 starting capital
PHASE 0: RANGING
🔄 Transitioning
Signals generated 2026-05-06 08:05:51

No strong directional signal. Monitor for regime shift.

Fear & Greed
46
Fear
VIX
17.0
NORMAL
10Y Yield
4.45%
ELEVATED
Yield Curve
+0.51%
STEEP
HY Spread
2.77
CALM
🌍 Kp Index
🔴 1.7
Storm
⛈️ 4 storm days in 7d
RSI(14)
31.7 neutral
20d Trend
-3.6%
5d Trend
-4.6%
EMA20 Dist
-3.6%
ATR%
1.8%
Range Pos
21%
Bounce Ratio
0.6×
Green/Red 10d
4/6
🌍 Geophysical Tilt: Storm regime: volume-spike & macro strategies historically +3% differential. Sentiment strategies struggle.

Strategy Score Scored May 6, 2026

73
Lifetime
Confidence: 94%

Quality Components

Return-to-Risk
35.0/35
Total Return
16.0/25
Win Rate
9.4/15
Profit Factor
8.9/15
Consistency
8.2/10
Raw Quality 77.6/100
× Confidence 0.94 = 73.2

30-Day Momentum

Insufficient Recent Data
Fewer than 3 trades in the last 30 days. Momentum scores require recent trading activity.
How Scoring Works: Score = Quality × Confidence. Quality (0-100) rates absolute performance across 5 dimensions: Return-to-Risk (35pts), Total Return (25pts), Win Rate (15pts), Profit Factor (15pts), Consistency (10pts). Confidence (94%) adjusts for trade count and freshness — more trades + recent activity = higher confidence. Momentum uses the same model recalibrated for a 30-day trailing window. PRO status requires both Lifetime Score ≥ 70 and Momentum ≥ 40.

Data Transparency

Hybrid data: Historical backfill + Yahoo/Alpaca (live) - verifiable market data
Data Source
Yahoo + Alpaca
Candles Used
88,073
Timeframe
5-Minute Bars
Date Range
2024-05-06 → 2026-05-05
Trading Days
535 days
Data Gaps
None (21 market holidays)

Market Closed (21 days)

2024-05-27 — Memorial Day, 2024-06-19 — Juneteenth, 2024-07-04 — Independence Day, 2024-09-02 — Labor Day, 2024-11-28 — Thanksgiving, 2024-12-25 — Christmas Day, 2025-01-01 — New Year's Day, 2025-01-09 — National Day of Mourning (Carter), 2025-01-20 — MLK Jr. Day, 2025-02-17 — Presidents' Day, 2025-04-18 — Good Friday, 2025-05-26 — Memorial Day, 2025-06-19 — Juneteenth, 2025-07-04 — Independence Day, 2025-09-01 — Labor Day, 2025-11-27 — Thanksgiving, 2025-12-25 — Christmas Day, 2026-01-01 — New Year's Day, 2026-01-19 — MLK Jr. Day, 2026-02-16 — Presidents' Day ... and 1 more
Brokerage: Alpaca Markets

✓ Tradeable on Alpaca
Stocks: Commission-free • Market hours: 9:30 AM - 4:00 PM ET

To execute these strategies, you'll need an Alpaca brokerage account.

Performance Summary

Starting Capital
$12,393.29
Current Value
$18,426.07
Total P&L
$6,032.78
Max Drawdown
-0.0%
Sharpe Ratio
0.19

Trade Statistics

Total Trades
73
Winners / Losers
45 / 28
Best Trade
+10.73%
Worst Trade
-10.68%
Avg Trade Return
+0.58%
Avg Hold Time
3.4d

💰 Trading Cost Analysis (Alpaca Fees)

Asset Type
📈 Stock
Fee Rate
FREE
Total Volume
$2,111,923.63
Estimated Fees
$0.00
Gross P&L
$6,032.78
Net P&L (after fees)
$6,032.78
Gross Return
+48.68%
Net Return (after fees)
+48.68%

✅ Stocks: Alpaca offers commission-free stock trading. No fees on this symbol!
Actual fees may vary based on your volume tier. See Alpaca pricing.

Equity Curve — Your Money Over Time

Each dot is a completed trade. Green = profitable trade, Red = losing trade. Hover for details.

The dashed blue line shows your starting $10,000. Points above = profit, points below = loss.

🖱️ Scroll to zoom • Click & drag to pan • Double-click to reset

Price Action + Equity Overlay

📈 QQQ Price (left axis) vs 📊 Your Equity (right axis). See how the stock price moved while you held positions.

🖱️ Scroll to zoom • Click & drag to pan • Double-click to reset
📊 Price data: 535 trading days 🎯 Trade markers show BUY (▲) and SELL (▼) points

Complete Trade History

How to Read This Table

Each row is one complete trade cycle (BUY → HOLD → SELL). Wrecking Ball had $12,393.29 at period start. When he sees a buy signal, he uses all available cash to buy shares. He holds until hitting his +5% target, -10% stop loss, or 30-day limit. After selling, the profit/loss is added to his balance, and the next trade uses that new balance.

# Action Date & Time Price/Share Shares Total Value Balance After Result Exit Reason
1 🟢 BUY May 31, 2024 10:30am ET $446.44 28 $12,393.29
🔴 SELL Jun 4, 2024 3:55pm ET $454.35 28 $12,613.01 $12,613.01 +$219.72
(+1.8%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
2 🟢 BUY Jul 11, 2024 10:15am ET $498.04 25 $12,613.01
🔴 SELL Jul 15, 2024 3:55pm ET $496.19 25 $12,566.16 $12,566.16 $-46.85
(-0.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
3 🟢 BUY Jul 17, 2024 9:30am ET $487.66 26 $12,566.16
🔴 SELL Jul 19, 2024 3:55pm ET $475.24 26 $12,246.24 $12,246.24 $-319.92
(-2.5%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
4 🟢 BUY Jul 24, 2024 9:30am ET $472.48 26 $12,246.24
🔴 SELL Jul 26, 2024 3:55pm ET $463.00 26 $12,000.53 $12,000.53 $-245.71
(-2.0%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
5 🟢 BUY Jul 30, 2024 11:05am ET $458.93 26 $12,000.53
🔴 SELL Aug 1, 2024 3:55pm ET $459.68 26 $12,020.14 $12,020.14 +$19.61
(+0.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
6 🟢 BUY Aug 5, 2024 9:30am ET $427.61 28 $12,020.14
🔴 SELL Aug 7, 2024 3:55pm ET $434.83 28 $12,223.09 $12,223.09 +$202.95
(+1.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
7 🟢 BUY Aug 22, 2024 11:40am ET $477.19 26 $12,223.09
🔴 SELL Aug 26, 2024 3:55pm ET $475.33 26 $12,175.45 $12,175.45 $-47.64
(-0.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
8 🟢 BUY Aug 28, 2024 11:15am ET $469.60 26 $12,175.45
🔴 SELL Aug 30, 2024 3:55pm ET $476.39 26 $12,351.37 $12,351.37 +$175.92
(+1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
9 🟢 BUY Sep 5, 2024 11:20am ET $459.86 27 $12,351.37
🔴 SELL Sep 9, 2024 3:55pm ET $454.51 27 $12,207.62 $12,207.62 $-143.75
(-1.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
10 🟢 BUY Sep 11, 2024 10:25am ET $453.89 27 $12,207.62
🔴 SELL Sep 13, 2024 3:55pm ET $475.34 27 $12,784.53 $12,784.53 +$576.91
(+4.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
11 🟢 BUY Sep 18, 2024 3:50pm ET $471.48 27 $12,784.53
🔴 SELL Sep 20, 2024 3:55pm ET $482.42 27 $13,081.18 $13,081.18 +$296.65
(+2.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
12 🟢 BUY Sep 26, 2024 10:55am ET $486.44 27 $13,081.18
🔴 SELL Sep 30, 2024 3:55pm ET $488.05 27 $13,124.40 $13,124.40 +$43.22
(+0.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
13 🟢 BUY Oct 15, 2024 10:35am ET $491.58 27 $13,124.40
🔴 SELL Oct 17, 2024 3:55pm ET $491.35 27 $13,118.26 $13,118.26 $-6.14
(-0.0%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
14 🟢 BUY Oct 31, 2024 9:30am ET $490.40 27 $13,118.26
🔴 SELL Nov 4, 2024 3:55pm ET $485.96 27 $12,999.49 $12,999.49 $-118.77
(-0.9%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
15 🟢 BUY Nov 15, 2024 9:30am ET $502.36 26 $12,999.49
🔴 SELL Nov 19, 2024 3:55pm ET $503.39 26 $13,026.14 $13,026.14 +$26.65
(+0.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
16 🟢 BUY Nov 21, 2024 10:25am ET $497.91 26 $13,026.14
🔴 SELL Nov 25, 2024 3:55pm ET $506.57 26 $13,252.70 $13,252.70 +$226.56
(+1.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
17 🟢 BUY Dec 18, 2024 2:40pm ET $529.73 25 $13,252.70
🔴 SELL Dec 20, 2024 3:55pm ET $518.82 25 $12,979.88 $12,979.88 $-272.82
(-2.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
18 🟢 BUY Dec 27, 2024 9:30am ET $524.37 25 $12,979.88
🔴 SELL Dec 31, 2024 3:55pm ET $511.21 25 $12,654.13 $12,654.13 $-325.75
(-2.5%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
19 🟢 BUY Jan 2, 2025 12:35pm ET $507.41 25 $12,654.13
🔴 SELL Jan 6, 2025 3:55pm ET $524.52 25 $13,080.83 $13,080.83 +$426.70
(+3.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
20 🟢 BUY Jan 10, 2025 9:35am ET $509.19 26 $13,080.83
🔴 SELL Jan 14, 2025 3:55pm ET $505.10 26 $12,975.89 $12,975.89 $-104.94
(-0.8%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
21 🟢 BUY Jan 27, 2025 9:30am ET $513.67 25 $12,975.89
🔴 SELL Jan 29, 2025 3:55pm ET $520.78 25 $13,155.49 $13,155.49 +$179.60
(+1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
22 🟢 BUY Feb 3, 2025 9:30am ET $513.69 26 $13,155.49
🔴 SELL Feb 5, 2025 3:55pm ET $526.85 26 $13,492.65 $13,492.65 +$337.16
(+2.6%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
23 🟢 BUY Feb 7, 2025 10:50am ET $524.40 26 $13,492.65
🔴 SELL Feb 11, 2025 3:55pm ET $527.95 26 $13,583.99 $13,583.99 +$91.34
(+0.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
24 🟢 BUY Feb 24, 2025 10:30am ET $521.80 26 $13,583.99
🔴 SELL Feb 26, 2025 3:55pm ET $514.49 26 $13,393.69 $13,393.69 $-190.30
(-1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
25 🟢 BUY Feb 27, 2025 2:30pm ET $505.83 26 $13,393.69
🔴 SELL Mar 3, 2025 3:55pm ET $497.32 26 $13,168.23 $13,168.23 $-225.46
(-1.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
26 🟢 BUY Mar 4, 2025 3:50pm ET $495.28 27 $13,168.23
🔴 SELL Mar 6, 2025 3:55pm ET $488.33 27 $12,983.45 $12,983.45 $-184.78
(-1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
27 🟢 BUY Mar 7, 2025 11:45am ET $481.65 27 $12,983.45
🔴 SELL Mar 11, 2025 3:55pm ET $471.67 27 $12,714.43 $12,714.43 $-269.02
(-2.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
28 🟢 BUY Mar 13, 2025 9:50am ET $472.15 27 $12,714.43
🔴 SELL Mar 17, 2025 3:55pm ET $482.73 27 $12,999.34 $12,999.34 +$284.91
(+2.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
29 🟢 BUY Mar 20, 2025 9:35am ET $479.49 27 $12,999.34
🔴 SELL Mar 24, 2025 3:55pm ET $490.45 27 $13,296.60 $13,296.60 +$297.26
(+2.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
30 🟢 BUY Mar 26, 2025 10:20am ET $487.89 27 $13,296.60
🔴 SELL Mar 28, 2025 3:55pm ET $469.02 27 $12,782.30 $12,782.30 $-514.30
(-3.9%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
31 🟢 BUY Apr 2, 2025 2:20pm ET $473.78 27 $12,782.30
🔴 SELL Apr 4, 2025 3:55pm ET $423.20 27 $11,417.71 $11,417.71 $-1,364.59
(-10.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
32 🟢 BUY Apr 7, 2025 11:50am ET $420.06 27 $11,417.71
🔴 SELL Apr 9, 2025 3:55pm ET $465.14 27 $12,643.04 $12,643.04 +$1,225.33
(+10.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
33 🟢 BUY Apr 10, 2025 11:30am ET $445.87 28 $12,643.04
🔴 SELL Apr 14, 2025 3:55pm ET $457.41 28 $12,970.27 $12,970.27 +$327.23
(+2.6%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
34 🟢 BUY Apr 16, 2025 9:30am ET $449.95 29 $12,970.27
🔴 SELL Apr 21, 2025 3:55pm ET $433.23 29 $12,488.23 $12,488.23 $-482.04
(-3.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
35 🟢 BUY Apr 22, 2025 1:20pm ET $442.12 28 $12,488.23
🔴 SELL Apr 24, 2025 3:55pm ET $467.20 28 $13,196.65 $13,196.65 +$708.42
(+5.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
36 🟢 BUY Apr 30, 2025 9:30am ET $467.00 28 $13,196.65
🔴 SELL May 2, 2025 3:55pm ET $488.86 28 $13,814.38 $13,814.38 +$617.73
(+4.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
37 🟢 BUY May 6, 2025 9:30am ET $480.54 29 $13,814.38
🔴 SELL May 8, 2025 3:55pm ET $488.22 29 $14,035.20 $14,035.20 +$220.82
(+1.6%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
38 🟢 BUY May 19, 2025 9:30am ET $515.38 27 $14,035.20
🔴 SELL May 21, 2025 3:55pm ET $513.05 27 $13,971.75 $13,971.75 $-63.45
(-0.5%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
39 🟢 BUY May 23, 2025 9:30am ET $507.64 28 $13,971.75
🔴 SELL May 28, 2025 3:55pm ET $518.95 28 $14,283.03 $14,283.03 +$311.28
(+2.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
40 🟢 BUY May 30, 2025 12:50pm ET $512.14 28 $14,283.03
🔴 SELL Jun 3, 2025 3:55pm ET $527.42 28 $14,709.17 $14,709.17 +$426.14
(+3.0%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
41 🟢 BUY Jun 5, 2025 12:55pm ET $527.18 28 $14,709.17
🔴 SELL Jun 9, 2025 3:55pm ET $530.68 28 $14,806.97 $14,806.97 +$97.80
(+0.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
42 🟢 BUY Jun 13, 2025 10:20am ET $527.27 28 $14,806.97
🔴 SELL Jun 17, 2025 3:55pm ET $529.00 28 $14,855.55 $14,855.55 +$48.58
(+0.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
43 🟢 BUY Jun 20, 2025 10:40am ET $527.58 28 $14,855.55
🔴 SELL Jun 24, 2025 3:55pm ET $539.74 28 $15,197.81 $15,197.81 +$342.26
(+2.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
44 🟢 BUY Jul 22, 2025 9:50am ET $559.06 27 $15,197.81
🔴 SELL Jul 24, 2025 3:55pm ET $565.09 27 $15,361.73 $15,361.73 +$163.92
(+1.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
45 🟢 BUY Aug 1, 2025 9:30am ET $557.10 28 $15,361.73
🔴 SELL Aug 5, 2025 3:55pm ET $560.19 28 $15,446.94 $15,446.94 +$85.21
(+0.6%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
46 🟢 BUY Aug 20, 2025 9:50am ET $562.13 27 $15,446.94
🔴 SELL Aug 22, 2025 3:55pm ET $571.99 27 $15,717.89 $15,717.89 +$270.95
(+1.8%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
47 🟢 BUY Aug 29, 2025 9:55am ET $571.44 28 $15,717.89
🔴 SELL Sep 3, 2025 3:55pm ET $569.99 28 $15,678.01 $15,678.01 $-39.88
(-0.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
48 🟢 BUY Sep 5, 2025 10:40am ET $574.02 27 $15,678.01
🔴 SELL Sep 9, 2025 3:55pm ET $580.47 27 $15,854.18 $15,854.18 +$176.17
(+1.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
49 🟢 BUY Sep 25, 2025 9:40am ET $588.62 27 $15,854.18
🔴 SELL Sep 29, 2025 3:55pm ET $598.75 27 $16,127.03 $16,127.03 +$272.85
(+1.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
50 🟢 BUY Oct 10, 2025 11:00am ET $604.54 27 $16,127.03
🔴 SELL Oct 14, 2025 3:55pm ET $598.05 27 $15,953.90 $15,953.90 $-173.13
(-1.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
51 🟢 BUY Oct 15, 2025 1:10pm ET $596.92 27 $15,953.90
🔴 SELL Oct 17, 2025 3:55pm ET $603.88 27 $16,140.05 $16,140.05 +$186.15
(+1.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
52 🟢 BUY Nov 4, 2025 9:30am ET $621.69 26 $16,140.05
🔴 SELL Nov 6, 2025 3:55pm ET $611.70 26 $15,880.69 $15,880.69 $-259.36
(-1.6%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
53 🟢 BUY Nov 13, 2025 9:40am ET $613.10 26 $15,880.69
🔴 SELL Nov 17, 2025 3:55pm ET $603.65 26 $15,635.91 $15,635.91 $-244.78
(-1.5%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
54 🟢 BUY Nov 19, 2025 11:20am ET $598.89 26 $15,635.91
🔴 SELL Nov 21, 2025 3:55pm ET $590.16 26 $15,407.99 $15,407.99 $-227.92
(-1.5%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
55 🟢 BUY Nov 25, 2025 9:45am ET $598.03 26 $15,407.99
🔴 SELL Nov 28, 2025 1:00pm ET $619.25 26 $15,954.71 $15,954.71 +$546.72
(+3.5%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
56 🟢 BUY Dec 11, 2025 9:30am ET $622.16 26 $15,954.71
🔴 SELL Dec 15, 2025 3:55pm ET $610.49 26 $15,655.44 $15,655.44 $-299.27
(-1.9%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
57 🟢 BUY Dec 17, 2025 10:55am ET $604.51 26 $15,655.44
🔴 SELL Dec 19, 2025 3:55pm ET $617.24 26 $15,985.12 $15,985.12 +$329.68
(+2.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
58 🟢 BUY Jan 2, 2026 10:50am ET $615.14 26 $15,985.12
🔴 SELL Jan 6, 2026 3:55pm ET $623.47 26 $16,201.59 $16,201.59 +$216.47
(+1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
59 🟢 BUY Jan 14, 2026 10:25am ET $619.17 26 $16,201.59
🔴 SELL Jan 16, 2026 3:55pm ET $621.04 26 $16,250.52 $16,250.52 +$48.93
(+0.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
60 🟢 BUY Jan 21, 2026 12:10pm ET $608.50 27 $16,250.52
🔴 SELL Jan 23, 2026 3:55pm ET $622.78 27 $16,631.88 $16,631.88 +$381.36
(+2.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
61 🟢 BUY Jan 29, 2026 9:55am ET $626.19 27 $16,631.88
🔴 SELL Feb 2, 2026 3:55pm ET $626.22 27 $16,632.68 $16,632.68 +$0.80
(+0.0%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
62 🟢 BUY Feb 5, 2026 9:30am ET $601.21 28 $16,632.68
🔴 SELL Feb 9, 2026 3:55pm ET $614.32 28 $16,995.37 $16,995.37 +$362.69
(+2.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
63 🟢 BUY Feb 11, 2026 10:45am ET $609.76 28 $16,995.37
🔴 SELL Feb 13, 2026 3:55pm ET $601.26 28 $16,758.46 $16,758.46 $-236.91
(-1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
64 🟢 BUY Feb 17, 2026 10:15am ET $594.59 28 $16,758.46
🔴 SELL Feb 19, 2026 3:55pm ET $603.15 28 $16,999.72 $16,999.72 +$241.26
(+1.4%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
65 🟢 BUY Feb 26, 2026 10:15am ET $608.11 28 $16,999.72
🔴 SELL Mar 2, 2026 3:55pm ET $608.72 28 $17,016.77 $17,016.77 +$17.05
(+0.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
66 🟢 BUY Mar 3, 2026 9:30am ET $596.14 29 $17,016.77
🔴 SELL Mar 5, 2026 3:55pm ET $608.51 29 $17,369.87 $17,369.87 +$353.10
(+2.1%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
67 🟢 BUY Mar 6, 2026 9:50am ET $600.04 29 $17,369.87
🔴 SELL Mar 10, 2026 3:55pm ET $606.95 29 $17,569.90 $17,569.90 +$200.03
(+1.2%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
68 🟢 BUY Mar 12, 2026 9:55am ET $600.22 29 $17,569.90
🔴 SELL Mar 16, 2026 3:55pm ET $600.03 29 $17,564.34 $17,564.34 $-5.56
(-0.0%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
69 🟢 BUY Mar 19, 2026 9:30am ET $589.22 30 $17,564.34
🔴 SELL Mar 23, 2026 3:55pm ET $589.13 30 $17,561.66 $17,561.66 $-2.68
(-0.0%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
70 🟢 BUY Mar 24, 2026 9:40am ET $583.56 30 $17,561.66
🔴 SELL Mar 26, 2026 3:55pm ET $573.75 30 $17,266.44 $17,266.44 $-295.22
(-1.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
71 🟢 BUY Mar 27, 2026 9:35am ET $568.35 30 $17,266.44
🔴 SELL Mar 31, 2026 3:55pm ET $577.44 30 $17,542.59 $17,542.59 +$276.15
(+1.6%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
72 🟢 BUY Apr 2, 2026 9:30am ET $574.53 31 $17,542.59
🔴 SELL Apr 7, 2026 3:55pm ET $587.87 31 $17,949.80 $17,949.80 +$407.21
(+2.3%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
73 🟢 BUY Apr 23, 2026 1:45pm ET $646.92 28 $17,949.80
🔴 SELL Apr 27, 2026 3:55pm ET $664.09 28 $18,426.07 $18,426.07 +$476.27
(+2.7%)
TIME_EXIT
0m held
Started with: $10,000.00
Total Invested: $10,000.00
Ended with: $18,426.07
Net Profit/Loss: +$8,426.07
Total Return: +84.26%
Back to Wrecking Ball